CRANBERRY resistance to dodder parasitism: induced chemical defenses and consequences - Resistencia del ARÁNDANO ROJO al parasitismo de la cuscuta: defensas químicas inducidas y consecuencias

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Parasitic plants are common in many ecosystems, where they can structure community interactions and cause major economic damage. For example, parasitic dodder (Cuscuta spp.) can cause up to 80–100 % yield loss in heavily infested cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) patches. Despite their ecological and economic importance, remarkably little is known about how parasitic plants affect, or are affected by, host chemistry. 

To examine chemically-mediated interactions between dodder and its cranberry host, a team of biologists from the US conducted a greenhouse experiment asking whether: (1) dodder performance varies with cranberry cultivar; (2) cultivars differ in levels of phytohormones, volatiles, or phenolics, and whether such variation correlates with dodder parasitism; (3) dodder parasitism induced changes in phytohormones, volatiles, or phenolics, and whether the level of inducible response varied among cultivars. Five cranberry cultivars were used to assess host attractiveness to dodder and dodder performance. 

Dodder performance did not differ across cultivars, but there were marginally significant differences in host attractiveness to dodder, with fewer dodder attaching to Early Black than to any other cultivar. Dodder parasitism induced higher levels of salicylic acid (SA) across cultivars. Cultivars differed in overall levels of flavonols and volatile profiles, but not phenolic acids or proanthocyanidins, and dodder attachment induced changes in several flavonols and volatiles. While cultivars differed slightly in resistance to dodder attachment, no evidence of chemical defenses that mediate these interactions wasfound. However, induction of several defenses indicates that parasitism alters traits that could influence subsequent interactions with other species, thus shaping community dynamics.

Source: Muvari Connie Tjiurutue , Hilary A. Sandler, Monica F. Kersch-Becker, Nina Theis, Lynn A. Adler. 2016. Journal of Chemical Ecology (http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10886-016-0671-5)