Factores climáticos hacen retrotraer las exportaciones de FRUTAS chilenas a niveles del 2006 - Climatic factors make roll back exports of Chilean FRUIT to 2006 levels

Foto: portalfruticola.com

Las 2.338 millones de toneladas proyectadas por Fedefruta para el 2016, son la cifra más baja de exportaciones chilenas de fruta fresca desde el 2006. Desde el año 2002, además, que la uva de mesa no registraba números tan bajos de exportación. La manzana, a su vez, cedería su puesto a los arándanos en términos de valores FOB. Fedefruta despliega un ciclo de encuentros frutícolas en las regiones para abordar la situación con los productores, puesto que es necesario encontrar nuevos nichos de negocio frente a este escenario de tendencia a la baja en los envíos.  Éstos parten la próxima semana en las regiones Metropolitana y del Maule. Definitivamente, las heladas del 2013 -en medio de la sequía- marcaron un antes y un después para la fruticultura chilena, porque desde ese momento que la industria no ha logrado recuperarse del todo en cuanto a los volúmenes, principalmente debido a factores climáticos que han consolidado una baja en las exportaciones.

Aquello es lo que estima Fedefruta en base a su proyección de fin de temporada, que revela no sólo una disminución del 4% en las toneladas enviadas de fruta fresca en relación al 2015. “La fruticultura chilena viene marcando una tendencia a la baja en sus exportaciones desde las heladas de septiembre de 2013, por ese mismo y otros factores climáticos posteriores como primaveras húmedas y lluvias en cosecha, además de la sequía”, concluye el presidente del gremio, Ramón Achurra, al revisar los datos que señalan que las exportaciones chilenas han caído en un 13,6% desde el 2013, año peak en los embarques frutícolas. Las 2.338 millones de toneladas proyectadas por Fedefruta para el 2016, son la cifra más baja de exportación de estos productos desde el 2006, año en que se enviaron 2.257 millones a los mercados. “La fruticultura chilena se ha devuelto unos diez años atrás en cuanto a volúmenes, pese al crecimiento en especies como arándanos, cerezas y frutos secos en este tiempo”, afirma Achurra.

Uvas, pomáceas y nueces

Basta decir que las exportaciones de las dos principales especies frutícolas del país, la uva de mesa y la manzana, que representan más del 60% del total de los envíos nacionales de fruta. La proyección de Fedefruta espera que la uva cierre con 670 mil toneladas exportadas,  una caída del 10,8% con respecto al año pasado y el volumen más bajo desde el 2002, cuando se enviaron 655 mil. Asimismo, no se espera que las manzanas superen las 580 mil toneladas de embarques, lo que significa una baja del 7,7% en relación al 2015, año que ya había anotada una disminución importante del 23,4% en comparación al 2014. Es más, si las estimaciones se cumplen, las manzanas cederían su segundo puesto a los arándanos en cuanto a valores FOB, con estos berries llegando a los USD 545 millones FOB (USD 35 millones por arriba). Otras pomáceas afectadas serán las peras, con una baja estimada de un 13% en las exportaciones, llegando a 125 mil toneladas luego del récord de 144 mil el 2015. Además, en cuanto a las nueces, que superaron la barrera de las 50 mil toneladas el 2015, se espera que las lluvias de abril hayan causado una caída del 12,1% en sus envíos este año, según las proyecciones más optimistas del gremio.

Otras frutas

Por su parte, este año los cítricos moderarán su crecimiento luego de un 2015 excepcional en que las exportaciones de naranjas, limones, clementinas y mandarinas subieron un 33%. De este modo, el gremio estima para este año un alza del 4% en estas frutas. En paltas (aguacates), Fedefruta proyecta un alza del 22,2% en la exportación, de 90 mil a 110 mil toneladas, debido a los precios más atractivos en los mercados externos, en lugar del interno que siempre ha competido con los destinos internacionales.

¿Qué hacer?

Fedefruta ha llevado este tema de la tendencia a la baja en las exportaciones a autoridades como el Ministerio de Agricultura y la banca, de la misma forma que lo hará en sus encuentros regionales con productores frutícolas en la Región Metropolitana (21 junio, Monticello) y El Maule (23 de junio, Curicó), donde se contemplarán nuevas estrategias productivas y nichos de negocio innovadores para salir adelante financieramente de esta situación que ya es tónica de los últimos años. “Por una primavera húmeda y lluvias en plena cosecha, hubo fruta que no pudo exportarse debido a que perdió la capacidad para viajar por 30 días y llegar en condiciones óptimas a sus mercados, pero no así su sabor ni calidad”, comentó Achurra. “Es fruta que podemos ocupar para otros nichos de negocio y es importante que podamos acordarlo como industria con nuestros asociados”.

Rodrigo Echeverría, productor de uva de mesa de la zona de Los Andes, en el valle de Aconcagua, quien coincide con la situación y explica que ésta no se debe a problemas económicos o de mercado, sino que el culpable es el clima. Echeverría además señaló que existe un problema de fondo, y es que en otros años al haber una menor oferta, había un alza de precios, pero este año al tener un producto con exceso de humedad no se ha producido el mismo efecto en cuanto a los precios de uva de mesa.

Por otro lado, indicó que Chile se enfrenta a otro problema, y es que ahora hay muchos competidores como Perú, Brasil, Sudáfrica, e incluso Australia. “Ya no somos la potencia que fuimos hasta hace unos 5 o 6 años atrás”. Como medida, Rodrigo Echeverría sugiere que “hay que conocer la situación climática de la que estamos siendo partícipes. Ya tenemos que considerar que al menos vamos a tener una o dos lluvias en la temporada de verano, por lo tanto hay muchas situaciones que debemos empezar a prevenir”. Agregó que se está viendo la forma de poner conos sobre los racimos y tener parrones con cubiertas, “proteger es la única alternativa si queremos tener nuestro producto en el mercado” y señaló que la protección química contra hongos, ya no es suficiente con la cantidad de lluvias que hay en el país.

Fuente: www.portalfruticola.com

First commercially-grown BLACK TRUFFLES for KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) - Las primeras TRUFAS NEGRAS cultivadas comercialmente en KwaZulu-Natal (Sudáfrica)

The very first black Périgord truffle grown commercially in KwaZulu-Natal, a 97g specimen found on Max Bastard’s Willowdale Farm in the Kokstad area. Photo: Courtesy of Max Bastard 

There has been much excitement on Max Bastard’s Willowdale Farm near Kokstad in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), following the recent discovery of three black Périgord truffles (Tuber melanosporum). These were the first commercially-grown specimens in KZN.

The first-ever black Périgord truffle to be commercially-grown in South Africa was discovered on a farm near Dullstroom in Mpumalanga in August 2014. This was followed by a similar discovery on a Western Cape farm in August 2015. Bastard’s three truffles were produced in a 20 ha orchard of host trees inoculated with black Périgord truffle spores four-and-a-half years ago.

“Black Périgord truffles are prized for their unique, pungent, earthy aroma, and [are] utilised in the best kitchens and restaurants around the world. They are one of the most expensive culinary ingredients globally, fetching up to US$2,000/Kg (R30,700/Kg),” said Bastard.

Prof Alessandra Zambonelli of the University of Bologna in Italy, told Farmer’s Weekly when the first commercially-grown black truffle was discovered in South Africa, that successful commercial production could be achieved in this country if sufficient host tree orchards were planted. These host trees also needed to be of good quality, and the areas selected for truffle production had to be suitable.
Source: Lloyd Phillips (http://www.farmersweekly.co.za)

'Arctic Fuji', the next GMO APPLE - 'Arctic Fuji', la próxima MANZANA OGM

'Arctic Fuji' apple  (Courtesy Okanagan Specialty Fruits)

After 20 years of development, a Canadian company is expecting its first commercial crop of genetically modified apples in 2016 while awaiting approval to forge ahead with its third and latest variety, 'Arctic Fuji'. Okanagan Specialty Fruits plans to harvest and pack about 50 bins of Arctic Golden Delicious apples and plant its first Arctic Granny Smith apples this year. The Summerland, British Columbia, company develops and produces apples genetically modified to not turn brown when sliced.

Specialty Fruits received approval for Arctic Golden and Arctic Granny apples from food and plant health agencies in both countries early in 2015 and planted about 15 acres of Goldens in Washington, said Neal Carter, company president and founder. Those trees will yield a small crop this fall, while the company plans to plant significantly more acreage of both varieties in 2016, mostly in Washington, with increasing quantities in the following years in other states and Canada.

The company will test market the first apples from this year in a few select stores, but as it ramps up production, it will distribute to a variety of locations in both the U.S. and Canada, Carter said. Carter declined to say which growers, packers or retailers will be working with Arctic apples. At the same time, the firm expects U.S. approval sometime this year of its latest variety, the Arctic Fuji, with Canadian approval to follow within another year.

Arctic Fuji

Specialty Fruits applied for U.S. deregulation for the Fuji on Dec. 31, 2015, in the form of an extension to the documents of previously approved varieties. The process should move faster than the original application, filed with the U.S. authorities in 2010 and the year after in Canada. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service have regulatory oversight of biotechnology in America. In Canada, the two agencies involved are Health Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.

Once approvals are in place, the company may propagate and market the apples as if there was nothing different about them. “What that approval means is it’s treated like any other apple variety,” Carter said. At its laboratory in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Specialty Fruits alters the DNA of apples to silence an enzyme that causes apple flesh to brown when exposed to oxygen, such as when it’s sliced or bitten. Specialty Fruits plans to apply for approval for an Arctic Gala by the end of 2017, with other varieties to follow. The company also is seeking agreements to grow and market its Arctic apples in other countries, a lengthy process just as it is in North America. “The regulatory thing is quite onerous no matter where you are in the world,” Carter said.

In Mexico, the company is seeking a food safety assessment to ship Arctic apples in the country and slice them there, he said, while a group of Australians is discussing growing the apples with the company’s representatives. The company both plants its own orchards and contracts with outside growers. Either way, and no matter where the trees are planted, Okanagan Specialty Fruits will own the trees and apples, unlike the royalty arrangements that usually accompany club varieties, Carter said. Such a structure will give Specialty Fruits more control to prevent cross-pollination and other co-mingling of conventional fruit, one of the biggest objections to the controversial genetic techniques, Carter said.

So far, the company has contracted with two large, well-established growers, one in Washington, one in the Eastern U.S. Carter declined to specify the locations. Okanagan Specialty Fruits was purchased in April 2015 by Intrexon Corp., a biotechnology company based in Germantown, Maryland.

Source: Ross Courtney (http://www.goodfruit.com)

Dry weather speeds BLUEBERRY harvest - El tiempo seco acelera la cosecha de ARÁNDANO

Rabbiteye blueberries make up 80 to 90 percent of the Mississippi’s blueberry crop. Recent dry weather has made harvesting easier than normal. (Photo by MSU Extension Service/File)

The first half of June is usually a busy time for blueberry growers in Mississippi, and this year is no different, as recent dry conditions have expedited the crop’s harvest. A few scattered small-market “U-Picks” can be found in north and central portions of the state, but most of the commercial activity is happening south of Interstate 20, where rain has been in short supply lately. Wayne County boasts the highest blueberry production in the state. 

“The dry weather has accelerated the ripening but also made harvest easier than normal,” said Eric Stafne, an associate Extension and research professor in fruit crops with the Mississippi State University Extension Service and the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station in Poplarville. “It’s been smooth sailing this year with no major worries about split berries or disease issues.” Amy Phelps, a Pearl River County grower, has grown blueberries commercially in the past but is operating a U-Pick farm this year after a tornado damaged some of her property in February. Despite the setback, she said this year’s crop was one of her best in 16 years.“Whenever the field is stressed by Mother Nature, whatever follows is always big,” Phelps said. “It’s almost like the field is expressing its desire to survive. What we have out there right now is beautiful, and we’ve had ideal picking conditions.”

The Mississippi Agricultural Statistics Service reported 89 percent of the blueberry crop is in good to excellent condition for the week ending May 29. Mandy McCormick grows organic blueberries commercially and opens a U-Pick to the public June 1 each year in Poplarville. She said prices for berries have typically run around $25 to $32 for a 9.5-pound flat, with little change this year. “We can’t pick wet berries because we don’t have a harvester and pick by hand,” she said, “so we welcome all the sunshine we’re getting.” Rabbiteye varieties, which make up 80 to 90 percent of the state’s crop, are generally ready for harvest in late May. The remaining crop mostly consists of Southern highbush varieties, which tend to produce in late April and early May. Rain at the end of this period may have stopped the Southern highbush harvest season prematurely, Stafne said.   

“The rabbiteyes started around May 20, and volumes are increasing at this point,” he said. “We’ll be in the peak of it in mid-June, then we’ll start going into later varieties with lesser volumes in terms of commercial production.” Blueberry production typically continues into July, depending on market demand. Each year, Mississippi has anywhere from 2,000 to 2,500 acres of commercial blueberries. That number was closer to 2,500 acres in recent years, but market conditions are stalling, causing a few growers to switch to other opportunities, Stafne said. “A lot of our production is in the processed market, which means primarily frozen berries. Right now there is a backlog of freezer stock nationwide,” he said. “It’s been difficult to sell that product, so some growers have moved out of the business, and we’re starting to see some slight attrition. But these markets can change quickly. There is always interest from new growers.”

Growers continue to watch for fungi and pests that have compromised crop conditions in the last five years. Exobasidium, a fungal disease found mostly in the Southeast, can be problematic if left untreated. Spotted-wing drosophila fruit flies attack healthy, ripe fruit. Stafne said the pests are relatively new to Mississippi and have been a challenge to control. “We’re just now starting to get into the time period where these fruit flies become a real problem,” he said. “Early varieties miss them for the most part because populations have not yet built up and any that are there are controlled as long as growers are spraying. Timely fungicide sprayings have also limited damage from exobasidium. Growers who have had major problems didn’t treat for the disease.”

Source: Robert Nathan Gregory. Mississippi State University (http://extension.msstate.edu)